Central to this book are two ideas. The first is that Fluid Mechanics is relevant to a 
wide variety of problems that are priorities in the early 21st century, three of which are 
health, the environment, and energy. The second idea is that researchers in this field 
are applying novel methods to address these problems. Even on its most basic level, 
Fluid Mechanics is challenging. Only in limited cases, for example, can the 
nonlinearities of the Navier-Stokes equations be ignored. With the addition of energy 
and mass transport, multiphase flows, and moving boundaries, as are present in 
practical applications, the complexity becomes magnified. Each chapter of this book 
presents an interesting approach to this complexity. 
The book begins with a review of three-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). 
The second chapter of the book demonstrates both the power of fluid dynamic 
analysis and its inherent complexity, even when the flow geometry is relatively 
simple. The problem under consideration is important to design of engines and 
becomes increasingly complicated when the incompressibility, heat generation, and 
mass flux are included.